Six distinct specialisations, and the wrong choice costs more than the rate difference. Match your project to one of these before you shortlist.
Theme and Liquid developer — $60-$150/hour, most projects $500-$25,000. Custom sections, layout changes, theme customisation, OS 2.0 migrations, styling beyond the editor. This covers the majority of Shopify development work. If your requirement is something visible on the storefront that the theme editor can't do, this is your hire.
Custom app developer — $100-$220/hour, most projects $12,000-$120,000. Private apps for internal workflows, public apps for the App Store, embedded admin tools, and anything using the Admin API, webhooks or OAuth. Distinct skill set from theme work; the overlap is smaller than merchants assume.
Shopify Plus and checkout specialist — $150-$400/hour, most projects $20,000-$400,000. Plus setup and migration, Functions, Checkout Extensibility, multi-store, B2B. Requires Plus Partner status in practice. Mistakes here affect checkout, which makes them immediately expensive.
Integration engineer — $110-$250/hour, most projects $15,000-$150,000. Connecting Shopify to ERPs, 3PLs, PIMs, CRMs and accounting systems. The work is data modelling and error handling more than it is Shopify, and someone who has only worked inside Shopify usually underestimates it.
Headless and Hydrogen developer — $100-$400/hour, most projects $25,000-$500,000. React engineering against the Storefront API. Genuinely different discipline, and most stores don't need it — a well-optimised theme covers what merchants usually think requires headless.
Maintenance and support developer — $60-$180/hour, retainers $500-$5,000/month. Ongoing fixes, theme updates, app conflicts, small features. Undervalued and frequently the right answer when the real problem is that nobody owns the store technically.
If you can't tell which of these your project needs, that's a legitimate reason to pay for a short scoping engagement ($500-$2,000) before hiring. It's cheaper than hiring the wrong specialisation and discovering it in week three.