Work through these in order. The first three account for most reports.
The dates, and the timezone behind them
A code scheduled to start at midnight starts at midnight in your store's timezone, not your customer's. A promotion announced to a US audience from a store set to a European timezone goes live hours early or late.
Check: Discounts › the discount › Active dates. Then Settings › General › store timezone, and compare against when the email or ad actually sends.
Fix: set the start time in store time so it lands when you intend in the customer's.
Confirm: check the discount's status reads Active, not Scheduled or Expired.
A usage limit has been reached
Total-use limits run out, sometimes faster than expected when a code is shared on a coupon site. One-use-per-customer limits reject anyone who has used it before, identified by email at checkout — so a repeat customer using the same address is refused.
Check: Discounts › the discount › Maximum discount uses, and the used count on the discount list.
The minimum isn't met
A minimum purchase amount or item quantity the cart falls short of. Watch for minimums measured against a different figure than the customer expects, such as the subtotal before other discounts.
Check: Discounts › the discount › Minimum purchase requirements, then compare against a real failing cart.
The cart contains no eligible products
A code limited to specific products or collections rejects a cart with none of them. This catches merchants out after collection changes — remove a product from a collection and the discount silently stops applying to it.
Check: Discounts › the discount › Applies to. If it targets a collection, open the collection and confirm the products are still in it.
The customer isn't eligible
Codes limited to particular customers or segments reject everyone else, and the checkout has to be able to identify the customer first.
Check: Discounts › the discount › Customer eligibility.
It won't combine with another discount
The most confusing cause, and it has its own section below.
Sales channel, market or product type
A discount may be available on one sales channel and not another, may behave differently across markets you sell to through Shopify Markets, and may not apply to subscription purchases unless configured to.